COUNTRIES: U.K.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state off the north-western coast of continental Europe. It spans an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Irish Sea.

The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of governmentin the capital city of London. It is a country consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.There are three devolved national administrations, with varying powers in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. There are three Crown Dependencies and fourteen overseas territories that are not constitutionally part of the UK. These are remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, making it the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

The UK is a highly developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth largest economy by purchasing power parity. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries,but the economic and social cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a great power with leading economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state while its military expenditure ranks third or fourth in the world, depending on the method of calculation. It is a Member state of the European Union, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.

PHYSICS: Bayesian inference

Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which some kinds of evidence or observations are used to calculate the probability that a hypothesis may be true, or else to update its previously calculated probability. The term "Bayesian" comes from its use of the Bayes' theorem in the calculation process. (Bayes' theorem was deduced in several special cases by Thomas Bayes, and then it was extended to the general theorem by other researchers.)

In practical usage, "Bayesian inference" refers to the use of a prior probability over hypotheses to determine the probability of a particular hypothesis given some observed evidence; that is, the probability that a particular hypothesis is true given some observed evidence (the posterior probability of the hypothesis) comes from a combination of the prior probability of the hypothesis and the compatibility of the observed evidence with the hypothesis (or likelihood of the evidence, in a technical sense). Bayesian inference is different from frequentist inference, which uses the sampling distribution of a statistic. Most elementary undergraduate-level statistics courses teach frequentist inference rather than Bayesian inference.

I am so lonely.

PHYSICS: Eucildean Space

In mathematics, Eucildean space is the Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, as well as the generalizations of these notions to higher dimensions. The term “Euclidean” distinguishes these spaces from the curved spaces of non-Euclidean geometry and Einstein's general theory of relativity, and is named for the Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria.

Classical Greek geometry defined the Euclidean plane and Euclidean three-dimensional space using certain postulates, while the other properties of these spaces were deduced as theorems. In modern mathematics, it is more common to define Euclidean space using Cartesian coordinates and the ideas of analytic geometry. This approach brings the tools of algebra and calculus to bear on questions of geometry, and has the advantage that it generalizes easily to Euclidean spaces of more than three dimensions.

From the modern viewpoint, there is essentially only one Euclidean space of each dimension. In dimension one this is the real line; in dimension two it is the Cartesian plane; and in higher dimensions it is the real coordinate space with three or more real number coordinates. Thus a point in Euclidean space is a tuple of real numbers, and distances are defined using the Euclidean distance formula. Mathematicians often denote the n-dimensional Euclidean space by , or sometimes  if they wish to emphasize its Euclidean nature. Euclidian spaces have finite dimension.

I am so lonely.

PHYSICS: Spacetime

In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single continuum. Spacetime is usually interpreted with space as being three-dimensional and time playing the role of a fourth dimension that is of a different sort from the spatial dimensions. According to certain Euclidean space perceptions, the universe has three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. By combining space and time into a single manifold, physicists have significantly simplified a large number of physical theories, as well as described in a more uniform way the workings of the universe at both the supergalactic and subatomic levels.

In classical mechanics, the use of Euclidean space instead of spacetime is appropriate, as time is treated as universal and constant, being independent of the state of motion of an observer. In relativistic contexts, however, time cannot be separated from the three dimensions of space, because the observed rate at which time passes for an object depends on the object's velocity relative to the observer and also on the strength of intense gravitational fields, which can slow the passage of time.

I am so lonely.

NOTICE

i am going insane






































I am so lonely.

Build It And They Will Come (Just A Title)

argh\














































































I am so lonely.

Goosebumps (Just A Title)

Why are there so many blogs on Blogspot about peoples families. I DON'T FUNKING CARE ABOUT YOUR DAMN FAMILY

I am so lonely.

PHYSICS: Multiverse

  Tegmark's classification

Cosmologist Max Tegmark has provided a taxonomy of universes beyond the familiar observable universe. The levels according to Tegmark's classification are arranged such that subsequent levels can be understood to encompass and expand upon previous levels, and they are briefly described below.

Level I: Beyond our cosmological horizon

A generic prediction of chaotic inflation is an infinite ergodic universe, which, being infinite, must contain Hubble volumes realizing all initial conditions.

Accordingly, an infinite universe will contain an infinite number of Hubble volumes, all having the same physical laws and physical constants. In regard to configurations such as the distribution of matter, almost all will differ from our Hubble volume. However, because there are infinitely many, far beyond the cosmological horizon, there will eventually be Hubble volumes with similar, and even identical, configurations. Tegmark estimates that an identical volume to ours should be about 10 10 meters away from us (a number larger than a googolplex). Note that this estimate seems to assume a uniform distribution of Hubble volume states; in reality, any distribution may be true, meaning that our particular Hubble volume may, in fact, be unique.

Level II: Universes with different physical constants

Different bubbles may experience different spontaneous symmetry breaking resulting in different properties such as different physical constants. In the chaotic inflation theory, a variant of the cosmic inflation theory, the multiverse as a whole is stretching and will continue doing so forever, but some regions of space stop stretching and form distinct bubbles, like gas pockets in a loaf of rising bread. Such bubbles are embryonic level I multiverses. Linde and Vanchurin calculated the number of these universes to be on the scale of 10^1010000000.

This level also includes John Archibald Wheeler's oscillatory universe theory and Lee Smolin's fucind universes theory.

Level III: Many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics

Hugh Everett's many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is one of several mainstream interpretations of quantum mechanics. In brief, one aspect of quantum mechanics is that certain observations cannot be predicted absolutely. Instead, there is a range of possible observations each with a different probability. According to the MWI, each of these possible observations corresponds to a different universe. Suppose a die is thrown that contains 6 sides and that the result corresponds to a quantum mechanics observable. All 6 possible ways the die can fall correspond to 6 different universes. (More correctly, in MWI there is only a single universe but after the "split" into "many worlds" these cannot in general interact.)

Tegmark argues that a level III multiverse does not contain more possibilities in the Hubble volume than a level I-II multiverse. In effect, all the different "worlds" created by "splits" in a level III multiverse with the same physical constants can be found in some Hubble volume in a level I multiverse. Tegmark writes that "The only difference between Level I and Level III is where your doppelgängers reside. In Level I they live elsewhere in good old three-dimensional space. In Level III they live on another quantum branch in infinite-dimensional Hilbert space." Similarly, all level II bubble universes with different physical constants can in effect be found as "worlds" created by "splits" at the moment of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a level III multiverse.

Related to the many-worlds idea are Richard Feynman's multiple histories interpretation and H. Dieter Zeh's many-minds interpretation.

Level IV: Ultimate Ensemble

The Ultimate Ensemble hypothesis of Tegmark himself. This level considers equally real all universes that can be described by different mathematical structures. This does not include different low-energy physical laws not of our observable universe. Tegmark writes that "abstract mathematics is so general that any Theory Of Everything (TOE) that is definable in purely formal terms (independent of vague human terminology) is also a mathematical structure. For instance, a TOE involving a set of different types of entities (denoted by words, say) and relations between them (denoted by additional words) is nothing but what mathematicians call a set-theoretical model, and one can generally find a formal system that it is a model of." He argues this "implies that any conceivable parallel universe theory can be described at Level IV" and "subsumes all other ensembles, therefore brings closure to the hierarchy of multiverses, and there cannot be say a Level V."

Jürgen Schmidhuber, however, says the "set of mathematical structures" is not even well-defined, and admits only universe representations describable by constructive mathematics, that is, computer programs. He explicitly includes universe representations describable by non-halting programs whose output bits converge after finite time, although the convergence time itself may not be predictable by a halting program, due to Kurt Gödel's limitations. He also explicitly discusses the more restricted ensemble of quickly computable universes.

Cyclic theories

In several theories there is a series of infinite, self-sustaining cycles (for example: an eternity of Big Bang-Big crunches).

M-theory

A multiverse of a somewhat different kind has been envisaged within the multi-dimensional extension of string theory known as M-theory, also known as Membrane Theory. In M-theory our universe and others are created by collisions between p-branes in a space with 11 and 26 dimensions (the number of dimensions depends on the chirality of the observer) each universe takes the form of a D-brane. Objects in each universe are essentially confined to the D-brane of their universe, but may be able to interact with other universes via gravity, a force which is not restricted to D-branes. This is unlike the universes in the "quantum multiverse", but both concepts can operate at the same time.

Anthropic principle

The concept of other universes has been proposed to explain why our universe seems to be fine-tuned for conscious life as we experience it. If there were a large number (possibly infinite) of different physical laws (or fundamental constants) in as many universes, some of these would have laws that were suitable for stars, planets and life to exist. The weak anthropic principle could then be applied to conclude that we would only consciously exist in those universes which were finely-tuned for our conscious existence. Thus, while the probability might be extremely small that there is life in most of the universes, this scarcity of life-supporting universes does not imply intelligent design as the only explanation of our existence.



















































































I am so lonely.

PHYSICS: Tachyons

A tachyon is a hypothetical subatomic particle that moves faster than light. In the language of special relativity , a tachyon would be a particle with space-like four-momentum and imaginary proper time. A tachyon would be constrained to the space-like portion of the energy-momentum graph. Therefore, it cannot slow down to subluminal speeds.

The first hypothesis about tachyons is attributed to German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld. However, it was George Sudarshan, Olexa-Myron Bilaniuk, Vijay Deshpande, and Gerald Feinberg (who originally coined the term in the 1960s) who advanced a theoretical framework for their study.

If tachyons were conventional, localizable particles that could be used to send signals faster than light, this would lead to violations of causality in special relativity. But in the framework of quantum field theory, tachyons are understood as signifying an instability of the system and treated using tachyon condensation, rather than as real faster-than-light particles, and such instabilities are described by tachyonic fields. Tachyonic fields have appeared theoretically in a variety of contexts, such as the bosonic string theory. According to the contemporary and widely accepted understanding of the concept of a particle, tachyon particles are too unstable to be treated as existent.By that theory, faster than light information transmission and causality violation with tachyons are impossible.

Conventional massive particles that travel slower than the speed of light are sometimes termed "bradyons" or "tardyons" in contrast, although these terms are only used in the context of discussions about tachyons.

Despite the theoretical arguments against the existence of tachyon particles, experimental searches have been conducted test the assumption against their existence; however, no experimental evidence for the existence of tachyon particles has been found.

I am so lonely.

Apology (NOT Just A Title)

This is kinda hard (That's what she said) to admit but i was trying to be funny before, but I really wasn't so, Sorry





































I am so lonely.

Big Ass Machinery (Just A Title)

I don't really like it when your best friend is talking about a movie you don't know sh*t about then they ask you your opinion then your just like "what do you want me to say.  I haven't seen the movie"

I am so lonely.

Five Great Reasons To Punch A Shark (Just A Title)

I was in Montreal over the weekend and there were these protests. Because the "President" of Quebec wasn't giving them enough money for schools or some dumb thing they expected money to fall from the sky. So anyways there was this guy with a picket sigh that said " Charet GTFO" then there was an other guy with a sign that said "Charet For The Win" you know where this is going. They both became friends (I am serious they actually went out for a drink together it was so weird, I thought there was going to be a Riot)

































I am so lonely.

Striking Resemblance To Cheese (Just A Title)

Being an Idiot is kinda fun. Just like yelling out in the middle of class about how you fell down the stairs or that you met Jesus Christ.

























I am so lonely.

PHYSICS: Time Travel

In terms of time travel we have all heard or seen science-fiction movies or read books about time travel. These books are right to a certain extent, you see, you can travel forward in time but not backwards. I will now explain, in terms of forward in travel. When you are on Earth time travels in, well... the time we are accustom to but when you are in space gravity is weaker and time moves slower. So when at the speed of light gravity is weaker so time appears to move faster for you than people on earth. So lets say you are tarveling at the speed of light for three days, you will have traveled ahead 3000 years into the future. Physicists have not ever traveled into the future but it is now only a matter of building a a time machine.
































I am so lonely.

Start Up

I know nobody is going to read this but still. So yeah I will just explain this. I i just heard of this guy who didn't know that every dog has his until he seen his.

I am so lonely.